The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on DMI, lactation performance, serum mineral and metabolites concentrations, Liver enzymes and Liver Functionality index (LFI), serum insulin and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI). Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 days in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets where BP substituted for either BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP) or CS and BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d) and BCB (17.50 kg/d) cows, but it was lesser in BB (15.60 kg/d) cows. Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d) compared to CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows. Relative to CO, cows fed BB had lower serum glucose concentrations, whereas cows fed BC and BCB had higher serum glucose. Serum insulin concentrations were lower for BB cows than for other exprimental groups. Relative to CO, serum NEFA and BHB concentrations were lower for BC and BCB, but was similar between BB and CO. The RQUICKI was lower for CO, BC cows than BB cows, and cows in BCB tended to have less RQUICKI compared to BB during postpartum. The concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase were lower in BC and BCB cows relative to CO and BB cows. The cows fed CO and BB had higher serum bilirubin relative to cows fed BC and BCB diets. Although, LFI for CO cows was similar to cows on BB, BC and BCB, BC cows had higher LFI than BB cows and tended to have greater LFI than CO cows. Overall, reducing dietary starch by replacing CS (BC) or a mix of CS and BG (BCB) with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield and indicated improved energy metabolism and Liver Function during the first 21 d of lactation compared to when BP was fed instead of BG to reduce starch (BB).

Introduction. Liver Function Tests (LFT) abnormalities are common findings in hyperthyroidism less paid attention in clinical practice. The reported prevalence of abnormal LFT varies from 15% to 76% in different studies. The most common is elevation of ALP. These abnormalities may induce disturbance in diagnosis. In this reason, we have examined the records of the hyperthyroid patients were examined in our clinics to determine the prevalence and possible significance of abnormal LFT in hyperthyroid patients.Materials and Methods. A retrospective survey of 61 patients (25 males, 36 females) having mean age of 43.4 years (range 11-74 years) and coded diagnosis of graves disease, thyrotoxicosis, toxic multinodular goiter or hyperthyroidism referred to Semnan Fatemiyeh general hospital from 1996 to 1999, was performed. All of the patients had alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBI) and direct bilirubin (DBI) determination prior to initiation of therapy. In suspected cases, workup for exclusion of other systemic disease was done. 61 volunteers (25 males, 36 females) having mean age of 43.8 years (range 12-75 years) were choosen as matched control group, and none of them having history of any diseases.Results. Thirty two of 61 patients (25%) had at least one biochemical LFT abnormality while ALT was  most common  which elevated in 17  patients (28%) (P<0.01). 15 patients (25%) had only one, 15 (25%) had two and 2 patients (3.5%) had three biochemical LFT abnormalities. AST and ALP increased in 16 (26%) and 13 (21%) cases; (P<0.01), respectively. TBL and DBL increased in 3 (5%) cases(5%),these increases were not statistically significant. The prevalence of abnormal LFT was nearly the same in both sex, except for AST which increased more commonly in males than in females (33% versus 20%).Conclusion. The results suggest that abnormal LFT is common in hyperthyroidism, especially, ALT elevation, that can cause diagnostic confusion. Therefore, hyperthyroidism should be kept in mind in any patient with unexplained abnormal LFT.

Introduction and Objective: Nowadays because of profound of electrical in strumpets, the human bodies exposure to electromagnetic fields are increased. Staff and workers who are working in power stations are exposed to electromagnetic fields. Moreover people living in areas close to high voltage power lines are exposed to relatively high electromagnetic fields. Present study was done Test to the hypothesis that exposure to electromagnetic fields from high voltage power lines alters the Liver Function indices. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 33 male subjects who worked in high electrical power stations in Shiraz, as exposed group and 50 unexposed sex and age matched subjects as control group. The mean of magnetic field was estimated 0.094 mT. Liver Function indices includes total bilirubine, direct bilirubine, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, and total serum protein. Results: Although the studied indices were in normal range, there were several statistically significant differences between the two study groups. Statistical analysis of data using stepwise multiple regression method showed that serum albumin and total bilirubine decreased (t=-2.86, P<0.05) and increased (t=2.69, P<0.05), respectively, as a result of occupational exposure to electromagnetic field. Conclusion: The present study shows that exposure to electromagnetic fields has some effect on Function of Liver.

Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the necessity of preoperative Liver Function Tests (LFTs) in patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Background: Significant relationship between common bile duct (CBD) stones and acute cholecystitis is reported. There are contradictory reports about the effect of CBD stones on Liver Function Tests in patients (LFTs). Methods: In the current study, patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who referred to hospitals during January 2015 and May 2016 were enrolled. Routine Tests and ultrasonography were performed on all patients before surgery. Data were presented as means ± SD and qualitative variables as frequency (percentage) were considered. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS software. Results: A consecutive series of 270 patients (58 males and 212 females) who referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Pre-operative LFTs were normal in 249 patients (85%) and abnormal LFT was detected in 41 patients (15 %). Conclusion: This study showed that 15 % of patients with cholelithiasis without dilated CBD had impaired LFTs. Routine LFTs in preoperative evaluation of symptomatic cholelithiasis usually reveals normal findings and is not helpful in uncomplicated cholelithiasis.

Background and aims: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic worldwide disorders that are associated with many pathological changes. This study seeks to investigate the effects of carob (Ceratonia siliqua. L) Seeds on the Liver Functions following the injection of streptozotocin.Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats weighing 210-220gr were randomly selected and divided into seven equal groups: control group with no treatment, the case group which received only distilled water, the control group which treated with hydro alcoholic extract of carob seeds (600 mg/kg), the control diabetic group which received only streptozotocin and finally three experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 that received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of oral hydroalcoholic extract of carob seeds for 16 days, respectively. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were obtained from all the above-mentioned groups and levels of the enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, total protein and albumin were measured in the samples. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD Test.Results: Concentration of AST, ALT, ALP in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 significantly decrease in respect to diabetic control group (P<0.05). The serum level of total protein in experimental group 3 showed a significant increase (P<0.05). In addition, in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 concentration of albumin significantly increased compare with diabetic control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, consumption of hydro-alcholic seeds extracts is recommended to be used in diabetic patient's diet for reducing Liver disorder.

Background: Although the activity of the cytosolic hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is impaired in phenylketonuria (PKU), the microsomal Function, necessary for the metabolism of xenobiotics, has never been assessed. The aim of the study was to assess the microsomal Liver Function in PKU patients by 13C-methacetin breath Test (13C-MBT), which measures cytochrome P450 activity. Methods: Twenty patients with classical PKU, aged 15-34 years, were enrolled in the study. The control group comprised of 20 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The 13C-MBT was performed in every subject at rest after an overnight fast. Results: The values of cumulative percentage dose recovery at 120 minutes of the Test (CPDR median < interquartile range >) were significantly lower in the PKU group than in the control group (25. 1 < 21. 8-28. 83 > vs 32. 8 < 27. 4-34. 1 >; P = 0. 0067). The lower values of the maximum momentary 13C recovery (Dmax) were observed in the PKU group than in the control group (26. 6 < 22. 4-28. 7 > vs. 32. 1 < 27. 18-34. 08 >; P = 0. 0227). The values of time to reach Dmax (Tmax) did not differ (20 < 17-20 > vs. 20 < 20-20 >; P = 0. 8410). The values of CPDR, Dmax and Tmax were not different between the group with abnormal (> 10 mg/dL) and normal (< 10 mg/dL) Phe level (P = 0. 2799; 0. 7959; 0. 4812, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the cytochrome P450 activity in PKU patients may be reduced. However, further research is required, particularly in regards to the effect that patient diet compliance has on the microsomal Liver Function.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) has been found in up to 10% of the patients presenting with unexplained abnormal Liver Function Tests (LFT). As there is no precise data from our country in this regard, we investigated the prevalence of CD in patients presenting with abnormal LFT.Methods: From 2003 to 2008, we measured IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (t-TG) antibody (with ELISA technique) within the first-level screening steps for all patients presenting with abnormal LFT to three outpatient gastroenterology clinics in Isfahan, IRAN. All subjects with an IgA anti-tTG antibody value of >10 m/ml (seropositive) were undergone upper gastroinTestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy. Histopathological changes were assessed according to the Marsh classification. CD was defined as being seropositive with Marsh I or above in histopathology and having a good response to gluten free diet (GFD).Results: During the study, 224 patients were evaluated, out of which, 10 patients (4.4%) were seropositive for CD. Duodenal biopsies were performed in eight patients and revealed six (2.7%) cases of Marsh I or above (four Marsh IIIA, two Marsh I), all of them had good response to GFD. The overall prevalence of CD among patients with hypertransaminasemia, autoimmune hepatitis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis was determined as 10.7% (3/28), 3.4% (2/59), and 5.3% (1/19), respectively.Conclusion: Serological screening with IgA anti-tTG antibody Test should be routinely performed in patients presenting with abnormal LFT and especially those with chronic Liver diseases including hypertransaminasemia, autoimmune hepatitis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Background: Asphalt is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It also contains different kinds of heavy metals. Hot mix asphalt emits hazardous volatile substances. Asphalt is used in many industries, causing serious adverse health effects for workers. Therefore, investigation of the health status of workers is of crucial importance. The present study aimed to assess the impact of asphalt vapor on hepatic and renal Function Tests parameters and the clinical parameters in road paving workers compared to healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 41 road asphalt paving workers and 120 healthy nonexposed subjects were selected. The serum enzymes of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels were assessed using diagnostic kits. A medical practitioner examined all subjects for any possible medical condition. Results: Liver and kidney Function Test parameters were significantly higher in road asphalt paving workers compared to their healthy counterparts (P<0. 05 for all parameters). About 63% of workers exposed to asphalt fumes for more than 10 years showed cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic complications. Conclusion: Significant elevations in Liver and kidney Function Test parameters suggest that exposure to asphalt fumes is associated with hepatic and renal dysFunction in asphalt-exposed workers.

Liver Function Tests are frequently used to screen Liver Function, monitor therapy, and determine the severity of Liver problems. The present study aimed to assess the consistency of the results of the Liver Function parameters between the two analyzers, Architect c8000 and Cobas C501. This laboratory-based analytical observational study was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Sample collection was performed through a consecutive sampling procedure from June to December 2019 in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of the Liver Function examination results of patients, carried out using the Architect c8000 and Roche Cobas c501 chemistry analyzers. Serum albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein were the studied variables. The Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Bland-Altman Tests were used to evaluate the comparison Test. In total, 100 blood samples were obtained in this study. The results revealed a highly significant correlation (r>0.90, P=0<001) among the four Liver Function parameters. The results of the Liver Function parameters inspected by the two analyzers did not differ significantly (P>0.05). In addition, there was a solid agreement on all parameters, with a near-perfect level (concordance correlation coefficient>0.90) and more than 95% of data points falling within the acceptable range. The Architect c8000 and Cobas c501 analyzers produced similar results for Liver Function Tests; hence, these devices can be used interchangeably.